Blunt Tissue Dissection Surgical Instrument Jaw Designs

ABSTRACT

A forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue includes a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position. The jaw members each have an outer housing extending along the length thereof to a distal end of the jaw members. The outer housing of one of the jaw members includes a textured surface at a distal end configured to interface with and dissect tissue during the movement of the jaw members from the closed to open positions. A dissecting tip may be selectively extendable from a channel defined in one of the jaw members to engage and separate tissue when in the extended position.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to forceps for manipulating various types of tissue. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to open, laparoscopic or endoscopic forceps that manipulate various types of tissue.

2. Description of the Related Art

In many surgical procedures, body vessels, e.g., blood vessels, ducts, adhesions, fallopian tubes, etc. are sealed to defunctionalize or close the vessel. Such sealing procedures often require blunt dissection of patient tissue. Working with viable moist and low friction tissue requires the surgeon to use comparatively sharp devices and comparatively high tension to effectively separate the tissue.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to a surgical forceps that enables dissection of tissue with comparatively reduced force, thereby improving tissue division and repeatability of performance. The forceps is for use in surgery for dissecting tissue, and includes a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position. The jaw members each have an outer housing extending along the length thereof to the distal end. One (or both) of the outer housings of the jaw members includes a textured surface at a distal end that is configured to interface with and dissect tissue during the movement of the jaw members from the closed to open positions. The textured surface may include a series of peaks and troughs. A tip defined by one of the series of peaks may include a blunt profile. The textured surface may exhibit at least partially a rounded saw tooth profile. The textured surface may exhibit at least partially a square wave profile or a sine wave profile.

The present disclosure relates also to a forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue that includes a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position. The jaw members each have an outer housing extending along the length of the jaw members to the distal end of the jaw members. The outer housing of one or both jaw members defines a channel therein for housing a selectively extendable dissecting tip. The dissecting tip is selectively extendable from the channel to engage and separate tissue when in the extended position during movement of the jaw members from the closed position to open positions. At least one of the jaw members may include the textured surface and features described above.

The present disclosure also relates to a forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue that includes a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position. The jaw members each have an outer housing extending along the length of the jaw members to the distal end. The outer housing of one or both jaw members defines a channel therein for housing a selectively extendable dissecting tip. The dissecting tip includes a shaft portion having a curved flange at a distal end thereof that is configured such that movement of the curved flange transversely to the jaw members engages tissue. The curved flange may include an inner periphery having a sharpened edge.

In one embodiment, a dissecting tip may be included that has a shaft portion having a rake member at a distal end thereof. The rake member may include two or more prongs each defining a tip. At least one notch may be defined between two adjacent prongs that is configured to capture tissue therein to facilitate dissection of tissue.

The present disclosure also relates to a method for dissecting tissue that includes the step of providing a forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue having a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position. The jaw members each have an outer housing extending along the length of jaw of the jaw members to the distal end thereof. One (or both) of the outer housings of the jaw members includes a textured surface at a distal end thereof. The method also includes the step of positioning the distal ends of the jaw members adjacent tissue when the jaw members are aligned in the closed position; and moving at least one jaw member relative to the other jaw member from the closed to open positions to dissect tissue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a left, perspective view of a forceps according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of an end effector assembly of the forceps of FIG. 1 shown in open configuration;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged, perspective view of the end effector assembly of the forceps of FIG. 1 shown in closed configuration;

FIG. 4 is a right, perspective view of the forceps of FIG. 1 shown grasping a tissue structure;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a tissue sealing system including a forceps and an energy generator according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a distal end of the forceps of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematically illustrated embodiment of a surgical forceps according to another embodiment of the present disclosure having a textured surface at the respective distal ends of the jaw members to facilitate dissection;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the distal ends of the jaw members having etched features to facilitate dissection;

FIG. 9 illustrates the surgical forceps of FIG. 7 in an open configuration;

FIG. 10 illustrates the surgical forceps of FIGS. 7 and 9 in a closed configuration wherein the textured surfaces interface with patient tissue prior to opening the forceps to effect tissue dissection;

FIG. 11 is a detailed view of the textured surface of the outer insulated housing of the upper jaw member of the surgical forceps of FIGS. 7, 9 and 10;

FIG. 12 is a detailed view of the textured surface of the outer insulated housing of the lower jaw member of the surgical forceps of FIGS. 7, 9 and 10;

FIG. 13 is a partial view of a surgical forceps in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure in a closed configuration;

FIG. 14 is a partial view of the surgical forceps of FIG. 13 in an open configuration;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the distal ends of jaw members of yet another embodiment of a surgical forceps according to the present disclosure having a curved flange at a distal end of one of the jaw members;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the distal ends of the jaw members of FIG. 15 showing the path of movement of the curved cutting flange with respect to the distal end of the jaw member;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the distal ends of jaw members of yet another embodiment a surgical forceps according to the present disclosure having an extendable and movable rake-like dissecting tip;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the distal ends of jaw members of FIG. 17 showing the path of movement of the rake-like dissecting tip;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged perspective view of the rake-like dissecting tip; and

FIG. 20 is a left, perspective view of an open forceps having a blade extension and retraction mechanism according to the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. Well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present disclosure may be adapted for use with either an endoscopic/laparoscopic instrument or an open instrument; however, different electrical and mechanical connections and considerations apply to each particular type of instrument. The novel aspects with respect to vessel and tissue sealing are generally consistent with respect to both the open and endoscopic/laparoscopic designs. In the drawings and in the description that follows, the term “proximal”, as is traditional, will refer to the end of the forceps that is closer to the user, while the term “distal” will refer to the end of the forceps that is further from the user.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, a forceps 10 for use with open surgical procedures that can be adapted for tissue dissection according to the present disclosure, as described further below with respect to FIGS. 7-20, includes elongated shaft portions 12 a and 12 b each having a proximal end 16 a and 16 b, respectively, and a distal end 14 a and 14 b, respectively.

The forceps 10 includes an end effector assembly 100 that attaches to distal ends 14 a and 14 b of shafts 12 a and 12 b, respectively. As explained in more detail below, the end effector assembly 100 includes pair of opposing jaw members 110 and 120 that are pivotably connected about a pivot pin 150.

Each shaft 12 a and 12 b includes a handle 17 a and 17 b disposed at the proximal end 16 a and 16 b thereof that each define a finger hole 18 a and 18 b, respectively, therethrough for receiving a finger of the user. Finger holes 18 a and 18 b facilitate movement of the shafts 12 a and 12 b relative to one another that, in turn, pivot the jaw members 110 and 120 from an open position (FIG. 2) wherein the jaw members 110 and 120 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to a clamping or closed position (FIG. 3) wherein the jaw members 110 and 120 cooperate to grasp tissue 400 (FIG. 4) therebetween.

A ratchet 30 is included for selectively locking the jaw members 110 and 120 relative to one another at various positions during pivoting. As best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, a first ratchet interface, e.g., 30 a, extends from the proximal end 16 a of shaft member 12 a towards a second ratchet interface 30 b in a generally vertically-aligned manner such that the inner facing surfaces of each ratchet 30 a and 30 b abut one another upon closure about the tissue 400. Each ratchet interface 30 a and 30 b includes a plurality of flanges 32 a and 32 b, respectively, that projects from the inner facing surface of each ratchet interface 30 a and 30 b such that the ratchet interfaces 30 a and 30 b interlock in at least one position. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the ratchet interfaces 30 a and 30 b interlock at several different positions.

Each position associated with the cooperating ratchet interfaces 30 a and 30 b holds a specific, i.e., constant, strain energy in the shaft members 12 a and 12 b that, in turn, transmits a specific closing force to the jaw members 110 and 120.

As best illustrated in FIG. 1, one of the shafts, e.g., 12 b, includes a proximal shaft connector 19 that is designed to connect the forceps 10 to a source of electrosurgical energy such as an electrosurgical generator (not shown). More particularly, proximal shaft connector 19 is formed by a cover 19 a and a flange 19 b that extends proximally from shaft 12 b. Cover 19 a and flange 19 b mechanically cooperate to secure an electrosurgical cable 210 to the forceps 10 such that the user may selectively apply electrosurgical energy as needed.

The proximal end of the cable 210 includes a plug 200 having a pair of prongs 202 a and 202 b that are dimensioned to electrically and mechanically engage the electrosurgical energy generator. The interior of cable 210 houses a pair of leads 210 a and 210 b that conduct the different electrical potentials from the electrosurgical generator to the jaw members 110 and 120.

As best seen in FIGS. 2-3, the two opposing jaw members 110 and 120 of the end effector assembly 100 are pivotable about pin 150 from the open position to the closed position for grasping tissue 400 therebetween. Jaw members 110 and 120 are generally symmetrical and include similar component features that cooperate to permit facile rotation about pivot pin 150 to effect the grasping and sealing of tissue 400. As a result and unless otherwise noted, jaw member 110 and the operative features associated therewith will initially be described herein in detail and the similar component features with respect to jaw member 120 will be briefly summarized thereafter.

Jaw member 110 includes an insulated outer housing 114 that is dimensioned to mechanically engage an electrically conductive sealing surface 112 and a proximally extending flange 130 that is dimensioned to seat a distal connector 300. Outer insulative housing 114 extends along the entire length of jaw member 110 to reduce alternate or stray current paths during sealing and/or incidental burning of tissue 400. The inner facing surface of flange 130 includes an electrically conductive plate (not shown) that conducts electrosurgical energy to the electrically conductive sealing surface 112 upon activation.

Likewise, jaw member 120 include similar elements that include: an outer housing 124 that engages an electrically conductive sealing surface 122; a proximally extending flange 140 that seats the opposite face of the distal connector 300; an electrically conductive plate (not shown) that conducts electrosurgical energy to the electrically conductive sealing surface 122 upon activation.

As previously indicated, forceps 10 can be adapted for tissue dissection according to the present disclosure, as described further below with respect to FIGS. 7-20. Such a forceps is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,677 B2, issued to Johnson et al., entitled “VESSEL SEALING INSTRUMENT.”

Referring now to FIGS. 5-6, an analogous tissue sealer or forceps 1010 is disclosed that may be adapted for tissue dissection according to the present disclosure.

Forceps 1010 is coupled to the generator 1020 via a cable 1011 that is adapted to transmit energy and control signals therebetween. Forceps 1010 is configured to support an end effector assembly 1100 and includes various conventional features that enable forceps 1010 and end effector assembly 1100 to mutually cooperate to grasp, seal and, if warranted, divide tissue. Forceps 1010 generally includes a housing 1060 and a handle assembly 1075, that includes moveable handle 1062 and handle 1072 that is integral with housing 1060. Handle 1062 is moveable relative to handle 1072 to actuate end effector assembly 1100 to grasp and treat tissue. Forceps 1010 also includes a shaft 1012 that has distal end 1014 that mechanically engages end effector assembly 1100 and proximal end 1016 that mechanically engages housing 1060 proximate a rotating assembly 1080 disposed at the distal end of housing 1060. Rotating assembly 1080 is mechanically associated with shaft 1012. Movement of rotating assembly 1080 imparts similar rotational movement to shaft 1012 that, in turn, rotates end effector assembly 1100.

End effector assembly 1100 includes two jaw members 1110 and 1120 having proximal ends 1111, 1121 and distal ends 1113, 1123, respectively. Jaw members 1110 and 1120 are pivotable about a post 1160 and are movable from a first position wherein jaw members 1110 and 1120 are spaced relative to another, to a second position wherein jaw members 1110 and 1120 are closed and cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.

Shaft 1012 houses a pushrod 1101 that is operatively coupled to the movable handle 1062 such that when the handle 1062 is moved relative to the handle 1072 the pushrod 1101 moves longitudinally, either proximally or distally within the shaft 1012. The pushrod 1101 includes a push pin 1103 disposed at the distal end 1016 of shaft 1012. Each of the jaw members 1110 and 1120 includes a slot 1105 and 1107, respectively, disposed at the proximal ends thereof. The slots 1105 and 1107 are in mechanical cooperation with the push pin 1103, that is adapted to move within the slots 1105 and 1107. The pin 1103 and slots 1105 and 1107 operate as a cam-follower mechanical linkage. Motion of the pushrod 1101 causes the pin 1103 to slide within respective slots 1105 and 1107 such that the jaw members 1110 and 1120 move either toward or away from each other as the pushrod 1101 is moved longitudinally in a proximal or distal direction, respectively.

Forceps 1010 also includes a trigger assembly 1070 that advances a knife 1200 disposed within the end effector assembly 1100. Once a tissue seal is formed, the user activates the trigger assembly 1070 to separate the tissue along the tissue seal. Knife 1200 preferably includes a sharpened edge 1205 for severing the tissue held between the jaw members 1110 and 1120 at the tissue sealing site. As described and illustrated in more detail below, the jaw members 1110 and 1120 can be adapted with various features according to the present disclosure for blunt dissection of tissue.

Each jaw member 1110 and 1120 includes a sealing surface 1112 and 1122, respectively, disposed on an inner-facing surface thereof. Sealing surfaces 1112 and 1122 cooperate to seal tissue held therebetween upon the application of energy. Sealing surfaces 1112 and 1122 are connected to generator 1020 that communicates energy through the tissue held therebetween.

Turning now to FIGS. 7-12, there is illustrated an instrument for use in surgery for dissecting tissue. More particularly, surgical forceps 10′ is an embodiment of the surgical forceps 10 that has been described above with respect to FIGS. 1-4 and that has been adapted to perform either open or endoscopic dissection of tissue. The surgical forceps 10′ includes first and second shafts 12 a and 12 b each having jaw members 110′ and 120′ extending from a distal end 14 a and 14 b of the shafts 12 a and 12 b, respectively. Handles 17 a and 17 b, corresponding to the respective shafts 12 a and 12 b, are disposed at proximal ends 16 a and 16 b, respectively, of the shafts 12 a and 12 b, for enabling movement of the jaw members 110′ and 120′ by a user (not shown). As defined herein, the user may be a skilled medical professional such as a surgeon or an automated surgical control system, including a robotic control system that is remotely controlled.

The jaw members 110′ and 120′ each have an outer insulating housing 114′ and 124′, respectively, that each extends at least along the length (of jaw) of the jaw members 110′ and 120′ to distal ends 160 a and 160 b, respectively. At least one of the outer housings 114′ or 124′ (or both) includes a textured surface 170 a and 170 b, respectively, that is configured at the respective distal ends 160 a and 160 b of the jaw members 110′ and 120′ to interface with and dissect tissue 400′ during the movement of the jaw members 110′ and 120′.

The first and second shafts 12 a and 12 b effect movement of the jaw members 110′ and 120′ relative to one another about a pivot 150 repetitively to and from a position wherein the jaw members 110′ and 120′ are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another to define an open position as illustrated in FIG. 9 to and from a position wherein the jaw members 110′ and 120′ cooperate to define a closed position, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 10 by at least approaching one another, and/or grasping tissue 400′ therebetween, as illustrated by arrow Y-Y.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, in one embodiment, the textured surfaces 170 a and 170 b are configured with a peak and trough, e.g., a series of peaks 172 a and troughs 174 a on jaw member 110′ and peaks 172 b and troughs 174 b on jaw member 120′. The peaks 172 a, 172 b are configured to facilitate separation of tissue. In one embodiment, the tips defined by the peaks 172 a, 172 b are configured with a blunt tip to minimize tissue trauma. The peaks 172 a, 172 b may include varying degrees of sharpness depending upon a particular surgical purpose. For example, the textured surfaces 170 a, 170 b may exhibit at least partially a rounded saw tooth profile as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12. Alternatively, the textured surfaces 170 a, 170 b may exhibit (at least partially) a square wave or a sine wave or other suitable profile (none of which are shown) that facilitates the dissection of tissue according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

As least one of the insulated outer housings 114′ and 124′ includes the textured surfaces 170 a, 170 b configured at the distal ends 160 a and 160 b of the respective jaw member 110′ and 120′ to interface with and dissect tissue 400′ during the movement of the jaw members 110′ and 120′, respectively to and from the open position and the closed position.

The textured surfaces 170 a and 170 b may be over-molded onto the insulating outer housings 114 and 124, respectively, or formed via sandblasting or other suitable methods, such as chemical etching.

Turning now to FIGS. 13-14, surgical forceps 1200 is an alternate embodiment of the surgical forceps 100 that has been described above with respect to FIGS. 1-4 that also has been adapted to perform dissection of tissue. Forceps 1200 includes first and second shafts 12 a and 12 b each having jaw members 1210 and 1220 extending from a distal end 14 a and 14 b of the shafts 12 a and 12 b, respectively. Handles (see handles 17 a and 17 b of FIGS. 1 and 4, corresponding to the respective shafts 12 a and 12 b), are disposed at proximal ends 16 a and 16 b, respectively, of the shafts 12 a and 12 b, for enabling movement of the jaw members 1210 and 1220 by a user.

The jaw members 1210 and 1220 each have an outer insulating housing 1214 and 1224, respectively, that extends at least along the length of the jaw members 1210 and 1220 to distal ends 1260 a and 1260 b, respectively. At least one of the outer housings 1214, 1224, (or both) respectively, each define a channel 1202 a and 1202 b extending from the respective distal ends 1260 a and 1260 b along an axial centerline X-X of the jaw member 1210 and 1220. The channels 1202 a and 1202 b extend at least partially towards respective proximal ends 1260 a′ and 1260 b′.

The forceps 1200 further includes one or more dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b that are configured to reside in the channels 1202 a and/or 1202 b defined by the outer insulating housings 1214 and 1224, respectively. In the embodiment of FIGS. 13-14, the two dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b as illustrated are adapted to interface with and separate tissue 400′ and are selectively extendable from the channels 1202 a and 1202 b upon actuation of an actuator 40 (see FIG. 20). The dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b, when in the extended position, engage tissue 400′ when the jaw members 1210 and 1220 are disposed in a closed position (see FIG. 13) and move in conjunction with the jaw members 1210 and 1220 to separate tissue 400′ when the jaw members 1210 and 1220 are moved to an open position (see FIG. 14, and arrow Y-Y).

More particularly, and in a similar manner as with respect to the surgical forceps 10′ described above with respect to FIGS. 7-10, the first and second shafts 12 a and 12 b effect movement of the jaw members 1210 and 1220 relative to one another about pivot 150 repetitively to and from the closed to open positions to dissect the tissue 400′ as needed during surgery.

The dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b may be selectively retractable into channels 1202 a and 1202 b at distal ends 1260 a and 1260 b of each jaw member 1210 and 1220, respectively. The dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b may be retractable/extendable along the axial centerline X-X of the jaw members 1210 and 1220. The dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b may be formed of thin gauge stainless steel wire and protrude from the channels 1202 a and 1202 b by a distance ranging to about 0.010 inches (about 0.254 millimeters). For pediatric vascular applications, the gauge of the wire may be about 0.003 inches (about 0.0762 millimeters) and for more aggressive procedures, the gauge of the wire (single strand) may be about 0.02 inches (about 0.508 millimeters). In one embodiment, the dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b include blunt ends at distal ends 1262 a and 1262 b thereof.

Referring still to FIGS. 13-14, the present disclosure also relates to a method for dissecting tissue that includes the steps: of positioning the forceps 1200, having the dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b that are configured to reside in the channels 1202 a and 1202 b, respectively, to interface with the tissue 400′; and moving the pair of jaw members 1210 and 1220 to a spaced apart position such that the dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b dissect the tissue 400′ during movement thereof. The method may also include the step of extending the dissecting tips 1204 a and 1204 b of each jaw member 1210 and 1220 to the extended position through the distal ends 1260 a and 1260 b of the jaw members 1210 or 1220, respectively.

FIGS. 15-16 illustrate another embodiment of a forceps 1300 according the present disclosure wherein at least one jaw member 1310 defines a channel 1302 that extends from a distal end 1360 a thereof. Again, the channel 1302 extends towards the proximal end (not shown) of the jaw member 1310. Dissecting tip 1304 is configured to reside within channel 1302 and is adapted to interface with and dissect the tissue 400′ when extended and actuated (by remote actuator 40, see FIG. 20).

Channel 1302 defines a slot 1330 at a distal end thereof that extends at least partially across the distal end 1360 a of the jaw member 1310. Dissecting tip 1304 is selectively extendable from channel 1302 and transversely movable within channel 1302. More particularly, dissecting tip 1304 includes a shaft portion 1305 that includes a curved flange 1304 a at a distal end thereof. Upon movement of an actuator, e.g., actuator 40 (see FIG. 20), the shaft portion 1305 and flange 1304 a extend from channel 1302 to engage tissue 400′ (see FIGS. 13-14). Movement of the same actuator 40 (or a second or a different actuator, not shown) moves the flange 1304 a in a transverse direction A-A relative to jaw member 1310 to engage, and in some instances, capture tissue 400′. Flange 1304 a may include an inner periphery 1304 b that includes a sharpened edge for transecting tissue. Other features may also be employed on the inner periphery 1304 b such as blunt edges, teeth, concave or convex edges, etc.

In a similar manner as described above, the blade 1304 may be formed of thin gauge stainless steel wire and protrude from the channel 1302 by a distance ranging to about 0.010 inches (about 0.254 millimeters). Again, for pediatric vascular applications, the gauge of the wire may be about 0.003 inches (about 0.0762 millimeters) and for more aggressive procedures, the gauge of the wire (single strand) may be about 0.02 inches (about 0.508 millimeters).

Referring still to FIGS. 15-16, the present disclosure also relates to a method for dissecting tissue that includes the step of positioning forceps 1300, having the dissecting tip 1304 described above residing within channel 1302, to interface with tissue 400′.

The method also includes the step of dissecting tissue 400′ by at least moving the dissecting tip 1304 by extending the curved flange 1304 a from the channel 1302 and moving the flange 1304 a transversely to engage and, in some instances, capture tissue 400′, to facilitate dissection thereof.

FIGS. 17-19 illustrate another embodiment of the present disclosure that includes a forceps 1400 having opposing jaw members 1410 and 1420 that are selectively movable in relation to one another from a first open position to a second closed position. One (or both) of the jaw members, e.g., jaw member 1410, includes a channel 1402 defined therein for housing an extendable and movable dissecting tip 1404 having a shaft portion 1405 having a distal end in the form of a rake member 1404′ for dissecting tissue. Much like the forceps 1300 and dissecting tip 1304, the dissecting tip 1404 having a distal end in the form of a rake member 1404′ is selectively extendable and transversely movable within channel 1402 to dissect tissue 400′ (see FIGS. 13-14). The rake member 1404′ may include two or more prongs 1472 a, 1472 b, 1472 c associated therewith, each prong defining a tip, that are configured to engage tissue in a rake-like fashion. In addition, the rake member 1404′ may include one or more notches 1470 a and 1470 b that are configured to capture tissue 400 therein to facilitate dissection thereof (see FIGS. 18).

Referring still to FIGS. 17-19, the present disclosure also relates to a method for dissecting tissue that includes the step of positioning forceps 1400, having the dissecting tip having in the form of a rake member 1404′ described above residing within channel 1402, to interface with tissue 400′.

The method also includes the step of dissecting tissue 400′ by at least moving the rake member 1404′ by selectively extending the prongs 1472 a, 1472 b, 1472 c from the channel 1402 and moving the rake member 1404′ in a rake-like fashion.

The method may also include the step of moving the rake member 1404′ transversely with respect to the distal end 1460 a of jaw member 1410, as indicated by arrow A-A in FIG. 18.

The method may also include the step of moving the rake member 1404′ in a rake-like fashion such that the one or more notches 1470 a and 1470 b capture tissue 400′, thereby capturing tissue 400′ to facilitate dissection thereof.

FIG. 20 illustrates a forceps 1500 for use with open surgical procedures that includes an actuating mechanism 40 that may be adapted for use with any of the previously disclosed forceps 1200, 1300, 1400. The actuator 40 may be utilized to retract and/or extend the dissecting tips or rake member as needed during surgery and may be configured to allow the dissecting tips 1204 a, 1204 b, 1304, 1404 to move transversely to facilitate dissection.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings and/or discussed herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

1. A forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue, comprising: a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position, the jaw members each having an outer housing extending along a length of the jaw members to a distal end thereof, and wherein at least one of the outer housings of the jaw members includes a textured surface at the distal end thereof configured to interface with and dissect tissue during the movement of the jaw members from the closed to the open position.
 2. A forceps according to claim 1, wherein the textured surface includes a series of peaks and troughs.
 3. A forceps according to claim 2, wherein a tip defined by at least one of the series of peaks includes a blunt profile.
 4. A forceps according to claim 1, wherein the textured surface exhibits at least partially a rounded saw tooth profile.
 5. A forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue, comprising: a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position, the jaw members each having an outer housing extending along a length of the jaw members to a distal end thereof, the outer housing of at least one jaw member defining a channel therein for housing a selectively extendable dissecting tip, the dissecting tip selectively extendable from the channel to engage and separate tissue when in the extended position during movement of the jaw members from the closed position to the open position.
 6. A forceps according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the outer housings of the jaw members includes a textured surface at the distal end thereof configured to interface with and dissect tissue during the movement of the jaw members from the closed to the open position.
 7. A forceps according to claim 6, wherein the textured surface includes a series of peaks and troughs.
 8. A forceps according to claim 7, wherein a tip defined by at least one of the series of peaks includes a blunt profile.
 9. A forceps according to claim 6, wherein the textured surface exhibits at least partially a rounded saw tooth profile.
 10. A forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue, comprising: a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position, the jaw members each having an outer housing extending along a length of the jaw members to a distal end thereof, the outer housing of at least one jaw member defining a channel therein for housing a selectively extendable dissecting tip, the dissecting tip including a shaft portion having a curved flange at a distal end thereof configured such that movement of the curved flange transversely relative to the jaw members engages tissue.
 11. A forceps according to claim 10, wherein the curved flange includes an inner periphery having a sharpened edge.
 12. A forceps for use in surgery for dissecting tissue, comprising: a pair of jaw members movable from an open position in spaced relation relative to one another to a closed position, the jaw members each having an outer housing extending along a length of the jaw members to a distal end thereof, the outer housing of at least one jaw member defining a channel therein for housing a selectively extendable dissecting tip, the dissecting tip including a shaft portion having a rake member at a distal end thereof.
 13. A forceps according to claim 12, wherein the rake member includes two or more prongs each defining a tip.
 14. A forceps according to claim 13, wherein the rake member includes at least one notch, defined between two adjacent prongs, that is configured to capture tissue therein to facilitate dissection of tissue.
 15. A forceps according to claim 12, further comprising at least one shaft that includes a handle disposed at a proximal end thereof, the handle being actuatable to effect movement of the jaw members relative to one another about a pivot disposed between the jaw members. 